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Automotive Li-ion battery is developed into a global market will surge of hot - [business news]2011-06-09
Automotive Li-ion battery is developed into a global market will surge of hot
As environment-friendly vehicles are sought after worldwide, hybrid and electric cars popular, the next few years, automotive battery market will expand rapidly. "By 2014, the market will rapidly expand the size to 2.25 trillion yen (24.8 billion U.S. dollars), is about 215 times in 2008." This is a professional market research agency in Japan Economic Research Institute has recently come to Fuji statistics.
Emissions and oil resources in response to the dual pressures of increasingly scarce in most countries the development of new energy vehicles will be viewed as the revitalization of its automotive industry and the most important ways of energy saving, and reduction in the most stressful and the United States for promoting standard-bearer of new energy vehicle development. Recently, China and the United States issued the "Joint Statement", said the two sides will launch in the U.S. electric car initiative, the two countries in the next few years, several million electric cars in use.
In China, released last March, "the automobile industry restructuring and revitalization plan" in the development of new energy vehicles has also developed a general goal - the next three years, China will form a 500,000-in hybrid electric charge and the common type of hybrid new energy automobile production capacity. By 2012, the new production car will have 10% energy saving and new energy vehicles, new energy vehicles are expected to reach 500 billion yuan output value.
Faced with such an attractive market cake, domestic car prices, spare parts and other upstream companies have exposure to which, in order to stay ahead. Compared with traditional vehicles, new energy technology gap with foreign cars do not, there is the possibility of overtaking corners, more contribute to the relevant enterprises to increase investment in new energy vehicles optimism. Among them, the car battery - lithium-ion battery is a major research and development related to the preferred target.
It is understood that the current hybrid cars use nickel-metal hydride battery technology, nickel-metal hydride batteries, but some of the technical properties such as energy density, charge and discharge speed is close to theoretical limits. The lithium battery has energy density, high-capacity, no memory, etc., by various car manufacturers and battery manufacturers unanimously approved, is currently the focus of national research and development of lithium-ion batteries.
According to the different cathode materials, lithium batteries are lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate ternary materials, and four. Lithium iron phosphate which is the best vehicle to use lithium cathode material. At present, China's car prices electric car models introduced, the power batteries are lithium batteries, Chery, BYD are using lithium iron phosphate.
Although China ranks third in the world production of lithium batteries, but in products, technology level with Japan, the United States there is a certain gap between the vehicle's lithium battery industry has not really started. Xinhua said the letter, and other related research institutions, China's relatively backward power battery production equipment, many companies will focus on the material, ignoring the improvement of manufacturing equipment. At present, China mainly depend on production of batteries and equipment imports expensive, which our car is very unfavorable development of battery, battery in mass production, it should be advanced automation equipment research first. In addition, most of the enterprises of independent power battery research and development, its limited funds, can only solve the basic problem of battery technology is difficult to further advance. Lack of adequate communication between enterprises, want to know the circumstances of other people do not want to talk about their own experiences, there is widespread duplication of low-level phenomena.
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Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of photovoltaic solar cells
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of photovoltaic solar energy research center dedicated to large-scale commercial value of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cell growth equipment and process design. The Centre aims to establish and perfect the production of CIGS PV industry set of solar cell technology, to master core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and strive to CAS in a relatively short period of time in the field to the leading domestic and international advanced level. And, establish a sound system of performance testing of photovoltaic solar cells and promote the industrialization of a full range of system platforms, forming a base in Shenzhen, both basic research and industrial production, and promotion of renewable energy to play the role of demonstration center.
Recent research projects carried out as follows:
1. CIGS solar cells co-evaporation - the growth of magnetron sputtering system (CAS major equipment development projects, and the CAS Shenyang Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd. Cooperation)
Independent research and development center of a CIGS solar cell co-evaporation - the growth of magnetron sputtering system, the current preparation of CIGS solar technology were the most mature, after evaporation and sputtering of selenium as one of two technologies, the growth process are done in a vacuum, to achieve the glass substrate injection, cells are a kind of assembly line, the whole process controlled by the computer programs. 100mm x 100mm CIGS can be achieved in the preparation of solar modules.
2. Efficient CIGS thin film solar cell technology (Institute of Solar Energy Action Plan, with the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Research Institute)
This project has the second-generation solar cells of the most promising large-scale copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) chalcopyrite structure, represented by compound semiconductor thin film solar cells as the main research object, including the Mo back electrode layer deposition, CIGS absorption layer deposition, buffer layer deposition, the window layer deposition and electrode crossed so the whole preparation of CIGS thin film solar cell module technology and related key mechanism. This is one of the CIGS absorbing layer deposition process and growth mechanism of the main contents of this key source of the film prepared by four main co-evaporation deposition process, but also to carry out CIGS absorbing layer sputtering method solid source of selenium. Other functional layers deposited by magnetron sputtering, bath and other technology. Goal is to develop a 10 x 10 cm area of the CIGS thin film solar cell component process, the conversion efficiency of 11% -13%.
3. A new efficient, low-cost CIGS thin film solar cells Technology (Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Circle project, and expand cooperation in Solar Energy Co., Ltd.)
China is not CIGS manufacturers can provide their own production lines, need to spend huge sums of money order of foreign equipment. Therefore, the urgent need to increase cost-efficiency CIGS solar cell research efforts, through the college and co-operation model, developed with independent intellectual property rights as soon as the equipment and technology, breaking the barriers to foreign patents, intellectual property rights to achieve the industrialization of CIGS solar cells.
4. ZnO: Al Thin Films and Their Application in Solar Cells (Shenzhen Public Technology Project)
Explore and determine the transparent ZnO: Al window layer of the preparation process, the formation of transparent and conductive properties of AZO thin films are good. AZO surface by acid corrosion, to generate textured structure, to achieve light trapping effect and improve the light absorption rate of the battery, thereby enhancing the cell conversion efficiency.
5. Preparation of R & D cost and low toxicity of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic material is used
Buffer layer is copper indium gallium selenide solar cells, an important component of the CIGS solar cells currently the most popular areas of the buffer layer material is CdS. Although only a few nanometers thick buffer layer, and in the solar interior, the Cd element and will not leak to harm, but the preparation process of the waste require special handling. Moreover, theoretical analysis shows that, CdS window layer is not the most perfect material. Therefore, the development toxicity of Cd-free window layer material is still very necessary.
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Optical: the future is expected to become the "dominant energy"
In a recent expert consultation by the National Energy Commission (Energy Expert Committee) seminar held in solar power, dozens of experts generally agreed that the global low carbon economy and the trend of the new energy revolution, the optical most likely to become the next largest share of the dominant sources of energy.
"But for now, China's solar power industry is still policy, technology and market development, and many obstacles exist." Comprehensive National Energy Board, Deputy Director, National Energy Advisory Committee for the Secretary-General Wang Siqiang said, "get rid of the development of bottleneck, the solar power industry will be the most promising prospects. "
From the "PV" to "light and heat," the sudden emergence of solar power
Solar power including photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation of two parts. According to the experts, in recent years, photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation in China has been unprecedented attention, solar power is becoming a force in renewable energy in China.
Speaking of China PV industry development, the energy expert committee invited experts, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No. 48, Wang Jun, deputy director of the North, said: "China's PV industry has formed a large-scale industrial chain. "
Wang Jun, for example North Korea, for example, China's industrial silicon production ranks first in the world; high purity silicon production technology has basically mastered kiloton; wafer processing production scale has reached world class level; cell and module production capacity and output ranks first in the world ; silicon material makes the price of low cost photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic power plant technology in China has gradually matured.
Analysis of the domestic photovoltaic industry trends, Wang Jun towards the view that on the one hand, with the overall technological level of China's PV industry promotion and the rapid expansion of PV manufacturing equipment, photovoltaic power generation development company in China's investment costs will be greatly reduced; another , along with the international market, competition, foreign solar companies are also quietly entered China market, China has become the world's largest photovoltaic equipment market. Thus, the PV industry in China is about to usher in a golden age.
"Our solar thermal power industry is also very fast." Energy expert committee invited experts, the National 973 project team leader, Chinese Academy of Sciences of solar thermal and photovoltaic systems Laboratory Director Wang Zhifeng told reporters. According to Wang Zhifeng, the "fifth" period, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Thermal Physics, and other research institutions and Huang Ming Solar Energy Group Company, Xinjiang New Energy Company, Nanjing Chunhui Science and Technology Industrial Co., Ltd. and other enterprises, has begun a light Study of thermal power generation projects. He said: "During this period, our scientists have been generating system on the disc, tower and trough concentrator cell power generation system has been studied, mastered a number of solar thermal power generation core technologies, such as high precision mirror reflectivity , high precision dual-axis tracking control system, high heat flux heat transfer, solar thermal conversion. "
Into the "Eleventh Five-Year", along with the state attaches great importance to renewable energy, solar thermal power generation by the strong support from the government. Wang Zhifeng told the "Economic Information Daily" reporters, the national optical R & D investment in thermal power generation technology is gaining momentum. From 2006 to 2010, only the funding of Science and Technology for PV investment over 47.5 million, photovoltaic power generation in many breakthroughs in key technology areas.
According to reports, China's scientists have now mastered a number of key technologies of solar thermal power generation. For example, against the wind load high-precision heliostat technology, high temperature tower heat sink technology, high temperature thermal storage technologies, power control technology, tower power system design and integration technology, manufacturing processes and trough trough vacuum tube condenser integrated technologies.
"In terms of solar thermal power generation, China has formed from the basic material, the host device and system design chain integration." Thermal Performance proud to say that since 2007 so far, China has held for three years, "solar thermal power generation Technology Sanya International Forum ", the forum has become the most important international meeting of one of the solar thermal power generation. The world's three solar thermal power company, the International Energy Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy are all represented at the meeting began.
Call "cloud" can only see the "day" solar power is still facing many challenges
"As the world's largest solar energy resources in the country, China's solar power will no doubt be the most eye-catching sunshine industry." Energy expert committee of experts, Xu Honghua, deputy director of Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, "However, we must recognize that, as a ' Sunshine 'have' shadow ', as in the development of China's solar energy industry also faces many challenges. "
Turning to the development of China's solar power industry, the problems, Xu Honghua example: for example, lack of clear photovoltaic and solar thermal industry development plan; yet to establish the industry of public research and testing and certification platform; the whole industrial chain of solar photovoltaic power generation system complete equipment and applications of the technology needs to be improved and perfected; photovoltaic power generation tariff approval process and approval procedures are not clear, in the promotion of large-scale grid, and there is great resistance; inadequate technical standards and management protocols, especially concern for the safety of the power sector issues, such as power quality and management issues, they need as soon as the introduction of appropriate technical standards and management practices; there the latter part of the independent PV power plant maintenance management, professional and technical personnel problems, and so lagged behind.
"Although solar power technology in China in various fields has achieved some new progress, but not strong capacity for independent innovation is still restricting the rapid development of industry, the biggest bottleneck." Xu Honghua, said, "Our lack of research investment and technology accumulation, has not been established from basic research, key technology and equipment to the sustainable development of the industrialization of the industrial support system. China's solar power generation capability of independent innovation and sustainable development capability, and there are still a wide gap between the developed countries. "
For many of the media in China polysilicon materials disclosed the problem of excess production capacity, Xu Honghua researchers presenting their own unique perspective. He believes that China's current production of polysilicon industry chain can not meet domestic demand, the actual production capacity under construction and can not be said to excess. He told the "Economic Information Daily" reporters: "high production costs, poor performance, is restricting the development of solar photovoltaic industry the biggest obstacle. Industrial expansion that increased raw material prices in the competition, while complete control of advanced technology, product performance to the same level, so that it can significantly reduce costs and promote the rapid development of solar energy industry. "
Solar cell energy consumption and pollution problems, the industry was considered to be outside the process of industrial development worth our attention. Xu Honghua, said crystalline silicon cell manufacturing process to a single manufacturer, the unit energy consumption is indeed relatively high, but if the reckoning is not the case. Crystalline silicon solar cells produced from the sand to the system total energy consumption of about 2.65 kWh of electricity, even if the annual production of photovoltaic systems and installed 10G W, the total energy consumption of 26.5 billion kwh, representing only the country's total generating capacity in 2007 of 0.8 % of total power consumption of 5% aluminum and steel accounted for 14% of the total energy consumption is not high. With the polysilicon and solar cell technology advances, this indicator will decline further, photovoltaic power generation is a high energy-consuming industries, from a single plant, is a high-energy plant, from the industry, it should not be a high consumption energy industry.
"In the photovoltaic industry, metallurgical silicon production is not significant environmental impacts; and polysilicon production process, although there are a lot of waste and waste gas, waste water is mainly silicon tetrachloride and trichlorosilane, the main The exhaust gas is hydrogen chloride. "Xu Honghua told the" Economic Information Daily "," of these wastes, whether it is dealing with recycling or pollution-free technical problems do not exist, it can be recycled as raw material for other chemical industries. polysilicon from the plant has started production see, through the exhaust recycling, pollution treatment, recycling and comprehensive utilization of materials, can be zero-emission and clean production. "
From the "alternative" to "lead" China still has a long way to go photoelectric
"Solar power's strategic position in China is becoming increasingly important." Xu Honghua that solar power from the current complementary and alternative energy sources, the future will gradually become the main energy and leading the transition energy. He said, "solar energy is to solve the problem of energy efficient solutions."
According to Xu Honghua expected, solar power in the future, especially after 2030 will be a large-scale applications; after 2050 in all forms of solar power generation are most likely to become the largest share of the dominant sources of energy.
Energy Expert Committee invited experts, Sun Yat-sen Institute for Solar Energy Systems, said Dr. Shen-hui, from the scientific concept of development, the energy payback period and other point of view, PV is the most promising future for solar power generation technology.
"According to China's actual situation, in the three renewable energy technologies, the relative wind, biomass, solar energy the most development potential, including solar power generation is enormous." Shen-hui said, "you can pull the machine-PV , automotive, construction industry, is the largest future economic growth. "
Shen-hui that the development of China PV industry development in the industry's most competitive ,5-6 years to achieve leapfrog development, to astound the world, the government should support.
The most potential of solar power market? Xu Honghua that from the resources and cost considerations, the most promising photovoltaic power generation is building "desert power plants." He said: "One from the resource perspective, the western desert region is the most abundant solar energy resources in the area; two terms from the cost of land, desert the most economical power plant; third from the market speaking, the construction in the western region a few megawatts to ten megawatts desert power plants, electricity is basically given to local consumption. "
The experts believe that solar power to become the "dominant energy", there is still a long way to go. First published as soon as a new energy to revitalize the planning; Second, as soon as possible the introduction of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal electricity policy. Third, to increase research investment, the establishment of independent intellectual property rights, sustainable development, solar power industry system.
"Although our photovoltaic and solar thermal power industry is developing rapidly, but overall is still in seedling stage." Towards the researchers said Wang Jun, China's solar industry is full of light industry, the government needs the support and care in the community bigger and stronger , made China the main force of the future of renewable energy.
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High-pressure fuel cell engine intake pressure control pilot study
Fuel cells are widely used in stationary power generation equipment and transportation. In automotive applications due to the quality and space constraints, the fuel cell unit in the design parameters are strictly controlled, particularly fuel cell vehicles to meet higher power density and power requirements identified in the proposed design requirements. Of power density is one of the main design parameters of the fuel cell stack, hydrogen and oxygen reactant flow field pressure. The use of compressed hydrogen as the hydrogen source of supply situation, the air system pressure to become a system optimization a very important parameter. On the one hand, high work pressure increases the fuel cell stack power density; the other hand, high-pressure air to provide equipment such as compressors, will fan the stack than the low consumption of more power, thereby increasing the fuel cell engine system auxiliary power consumption. Therefore, in order to control the different air system operating point to achieve the best air flow and pressure to a certain flow rate of air pressure dynamic response of the system to optimize control and reduce the secondary system power consumption, improve system performance.
At present, the fuel cell reaction against the pressure of studies focused on steady-state optimization of stress conditions, as well as changes in humidity and temperature influence on the study of pressure, and engine air fuel cell for high pressure dynamic response of the system pressure is relatively small. In this study, a fuel cell engine system, the open-loop pressure control and closed loop pressure control method of two pressure control system response influence of the air, and optimize the system control strategy.
1 System components
High-pressure fuel cell engine air system consists of air compressors, humidifiers, electric reactor, condenser, back pressure valve and connecting pipe (see Figure 1). And low-voltage fuel cell engine systems, the high pressure system in order to generate high air pressure, using a back pressure valve air compressor + structure, the structure can be controlled using high-pressure fuel cell engine power demand in different work in different operating point.
Achieved through the test compressor MAP, to determine the flow stress corresponding to the different relationship between speed and find the operating point corresponding to the needs of the demand for speed n, the demand for the operating point can be defined as (n, p). To demand control of the compressor speed, by adjusting the back pressure valve opening to control air pressure, so that the system state to the operating point requirements.
2 Pressure control method
In order to achieve the necessary high-voltage reactor different conditions of air flow and pressure, the system uses electronic throttle as the back pressure valve, to a certain flow rate, by controlling the opening and adjust the air compressor speed, thereby adjusting the air system pressure . Currently, the main methods of back pressure control open-loop pressure control and closed-loop PID pressure control.
2.1 PID control principle
PID control is widely used in industrial control of the control strategy. Its advantage is simple in principle, easy-to-reality, stability, good performance. Theoretical simulation of the ideal formula for the PID controller
Where, u (t) is the controller output, e (t) set the value for the deviation of R and the difference between the process variable PV, Kc is the controller of the amplification factor, TI is the controller integral time constant, TD is controller derivative time constant. MCU-based control is a sampling control, therefore, the integral term and derivative term can not be accurately calculated using numerical method can only be approximate, as digital PID control equation. Digital PID control equation is usually divided into positional and incremental PID control PID control equation formula. Position is full-output type PID, when calculated on the e (k) to accumulate, the large amount of computing work, and computer output u (k) corresponds to the actual location of the executing agency, if the controller fails, u ( k) will be a substantial change, which led to significant changes in the location of the executing agency. Therefore, this study used incremental PID control equation, the control equation is
Computer output of the control increment u (k) corresponds to the location of this executive body (such as valve opening) of the increment.
2.2 Closed-loop pressure control
Closed-loop pressure regulation refers to the stack into the heap as the air pressure at the control objectives, through the PID control method to adjust the back pressure valve opening to control the reactor pressure air into the closed-loop control method. Target pressure which is the vehicle controller (VMS) to determine the power requirements of the corresponding conditions given. System control process shown in Figure 2.
2 3 Open-loop pressure control
Open-loop pressure regulator is determined by the test fuel cell engine output, the air into the reactor back pressure valve opening pressure and the relationship between power demand under the conditions set point pressure, a direct look-up table values are back-pressure valve opening by PID control methods to control back pressure valve, to the corresponding opening. This is actually a reactor pressure of air into the open-loop control. System control is shown in Figure 3.
Study 3
Under the "national" 863 " fuel cell car fuel cell engine performance test project outline" of the dynamic characteristics of test methods, test conditions designed to determine the engine rated power Pb = 55 kW, loading conditions were 0% Pb ~ 50% Pb, 25% Pb ~ 75% Pb, 55% Pb ~ 95% Pb, 0% Pb ~ 90% Pb. Test conditions: ambient temperature to room temperature, into the response of the engine cooling water outlet temperature of the test is 60.
3.1 The back pressure valve control hardware and software
On the back pressure valve control is an important part of the whole system control. The system is based MC9S12DP256B controller, use NI-CAN and LabView host computer and the next crew of the communication, communication through the CAN adjust the control parameters and sends the opening instructions. Using position feedback signal to determine the actual opening, incremental PID control method, the control objectives to achieve the appropriate back pressure valve opening. Control system shown in Figure 4, the incremental PID control algorithm program flow shown in Figure 5.
3.2 Open-loop pressure control parameter determination
Testing to determine the corresponding operating point (n, p), where n is the compressor speed, p is the stack inlet pressure. The need for open-loop control, the system tests to determine the corresponding stability conditions, to the corresponding operating point (n, p) the speed n and the back pressure valve opening . Test to determine the parameters in Table 1, which corresponds to the pressure of the working condition is given by the provider stack.
3.3 Open-loop control and closed loop pressure control pressure test results are analyzed in the same power control compressor to maintain a more consistent step input loading rate, in order to study both open and closed loop control method of the system back pressure valve action dynamic response. Dynamic characteristics of the compressor load shown in Figure 6, we can see that the open-loop closed-loop load are in good agreement.
Figure 7 to Figure 10 shows, in addition to 0% to 50% power step input of air into the reactor pressure control in open-loop closed-loop response with a similar speed, in the rest of the process, have significantly faster closed-loop control response time, in the process, open loop power control step has a pressure drop to rise again after the process, affecting the open-loop control of pressure response; pressure control accuracy of the dynamic response test, the open-loop control are better than closed-loop control. Closed-loop control of super-harmonic oscillation condition as shown in Figure 9 is particularly evident.
Analysis of the reasons, Figure 8, Figure 9 and Figure 10 shows the open-loop control, the back pressure valve opening change too fast, slow compressor speed is increased, leading to pressure first decreased and then rose, and the open-loop control of back pressure valve extension of the overshoot
Long process of the pressure drops, slow pressure response; while Figure 7 shows the open and closed loop speed of response similar to the pressure, because the open-loop control, back pressure valve is almost shut in the state, power step, the back valve opening pressure did not change. Closed-loop control of super-harmonic oscillation more serious, partly because the PID parameters and adjust the cycle is not accurate enough, not well adapted to the control requirements of the system, on the other hand the system back pressure valves used in flow cross-sectional area is too large, so The total is less back pressure valve opening, thus affecting the back pressure valve control accuracy, leading to system pressure fluctuations.
The above analysis, the system makes the following recommendations for improvement:
* By re-matching the compressor speed increases back pressure valve opening speed and the relationship between changes in pressure to improve the open-loop control problem of the first down and then increased; or can be combined with open and closed loop control, closed loop in the loading process, and When the pressure reaches the target threshold, the use of open-loop control stability of the back pressure valve opening in the corresponding
* Use of appropriate cross-sectional area of the back pressure flow valve, back pressure valve to improve the control accuracy; optimal PID parameters controlling back pressure valve, reducing the overshoot and oscillation;
You can use sub-PID, adaptive PID, fuzzy PID and other methods of control made in different regions, can be a suitable PID parameters to improve the control precision.
4 Conclusion
The current high-pressure fuel cell engine system, the open-loop control because the control model is simple and stable and has been adopted, but the calibration and system parameters match the higher work requirements, while the system state changes over time will affect the control accuracy; closed-loop control because the control model is relatively complex, difficult to accurately determine control parameters affect the practical application of the control effect. In the present application, in the response phase of a combination of two different pressure control method can improve the speed and accuracy of pressure response. In the long run, using a more optimized control method, to better control the fuel cell engine systems.
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Copenhagen Energy low-carbon economy to trigger a new revolution in battery - [business news]2011-05-16
Copenhagen Energy low-carbon economy to trigger a new revolution in battery
Climate Conference in Copenhagen approached, a huge commitment to low carbon economy in China, the Government in 2020, the unit GDP in 2005 carbon dioxide emissions by 40% -50% by 2020 non-fossil fuels in primary energy share to 15 % of its emission reduction commitment that will take a global low carbon economic development opportunities.
Low-carbon economy is the goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, building a low-power pollution-based economic development system. Contains low-carbon energy systems, low-carbon technologies, carbon industrial system.
Low-carbon economy is the high emission of carbon through the economy (coal, steel, nonferrous metals, etc.) carbon taxes and emission permit trading (CER), subsidies for low-or zero-carbon economy (mainly the clean energy), to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and tackle climate purposes.
Chain carbon economy, including energy supply, energy storage and transportation, energy consumption of three aspects. In the energy supply side, there is a major alternative energy wind, solar, nuclear, hydro, biomass, in addition to finding alternative energy sources, energy efficiency of thermal power is also very important, the main application of such technologies, including IGCC and CCS. Energy storage and transportation including battery technology and smart grid. Energy consumption, including industrial energy efficiency, building energy, transport energy, life and energy saving.
New Energy Battery
Breakthrough in battery technology is the core of the new energy industry chain. Wind power, nuclear power, solar energy, power peaking, new energy vehicles are inseparable from the battery. Battery is a variety of new energy and power grid energy storage tool is a car for the heart of the traditional process of replacing the fuel cell engine is called the fifth meeting of the Industrial Revolution.
Battery revolution is greater than the information revolution, the process of upgrading the industrial revolution, for he is the heart of the automotive industry (engine with a battery), the industry is a shake-up (oil is the industry's blood), is to save the planet for humans and our living environment.
Transportation Energy
40% of the world's oil, 30% of China's oil consumption by automobiles, oil resources will be exhausted in 2050, 25% of the carbon dioxide emissions from motor vehicles. It is estimated that China's one million in 2012, the U.S. 5 million cars driven by the electric energy in 2015 will make 1,000 barrels of oil consumption dropped from 300 million barrels, 40% increase in power consumption and carbon emissions by 50%. U.S. energy consumption standards for cars: by 2020, the U.S. auto industry to make cars fuel consumption to be lower than the current 40% to an average of 100 km fuel consumption level of about 6.7 liters.
China's new energy vehicles in 2011 reached 50 million, the United States in 2015 reached 100 million. Of financial assistance: Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Science, the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry decided by four ministries in Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Changchun, Dalian, Hangzhou, Jinan, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Hefei, Changsha, Kunming, Nanchang, 13 cities energy conservation and new energy vehicle demonstration and pilot projects to promote and encourage the pilot cities in public transportation, rental, service, sanitation and postal and other public services, promote the use of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, up 60 million each will receive financial assistance.
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